Some drivers, and so look at the brotherhood foot down, and this feature alone elevates them to the level of Gulliver. In fact, horseless “midget” is the wheel of an opportunity to climb behind the wheel of a high bell tower. Or survey by car from all the parties so choose. However, this design was invented entirely to other purposes. What?
His name is Adam, and it bears no resemblance to the scientist. This is a set of “boxes” with “cunning” and filling a variety of hands-manipulator for the handling of test tubes, pipettes yes beaker. But if you say that Adam - just an automated laboratory equipment - a mistake. He knows how to treat not only to the laboratory glass, but with the knowledge: the British robot itself speculate conceive experiments to verify and make conclusions.
Adam works at the University of Aberistuita (Aberystwyth University). Wages do not pay him, but money invested in the project “Robot Scientist” (Robot Scientist), started by the way, in 1999, it would be enough to pay not a single person. In what sense then затеи?
“Adam” - this is the first experimental system to demonstrate the potential of a number of robotic research in biology, and has already - in genetics. And although Adam, deftly manipulating experimental living cells, reagents and laboratory equipment, can serve until the 1000 experiments in the day, its creators stress - this is not a trivial acceleration of manual labor associated with the experiments. Or rather, not only about him.
The main difference between a British robot from similar facilities in other institutions (where the use of manipulation for the treatment of hundreds of test tubes) is that they do not manage people, and not even strictly “protection” in the computer program of action, a system of artificial intelligence.
Here’s how is done, only one experience: “Adam” independently reached from freezer and defrost its culture. It carries out various manipulations with it and places it in an incubator, where the leaves grow in a day, then takes a sample and performs a series of measurements, again sends it to the incubator, and so - for three days (photo Robot Scientist Project).
Of course, it is still PC (some of) c program, created by human beings. But it is written so that it has (in some sense) “free will”, that is, may decide on further course of experience, depending on the results. Machine solves itself - that is confused, watches - that is produced and checked against the existing database concerning the research subject.
Machine understanding of the result - the main achievement of this project.
The formalization of the research for the scientific work of “Adam” demanded describe tree structures of 10 thousands of experiments, in 10 levels, as well as millions of biological measurements.
By the way, Adam - this is an acronym of “A Discovery Machine “and a biblical name, is traditionally associated with” start “(and this same character can be considered the first researcher), and another - the name given to the car after the famous economist Adam Smith, who developed the theory of division of labor, and thus automation — report authors cybernetic scientist
In other cases, robotic lab scientists simply to ask the list of chemicals to be mixed in any proportion, to move, heat, or shake up. These machines have led to a sharp increase in the velocity of the experiments in the same biology, but the interpretation of the results remained entrusted to man, and with a very large number of experiments, this proved a bottleneck in the whole process.
“Adam” is taking from people the overall objective (the study of the genes in a particular organism, for instance), experimentation is the plan, builds a hypothesis, checks them in, throws and builds new ones. By the same home robot gives the final result of the scientific - knowledge.
On the first successes of kiberuchenogo Aberistuita, by the way, we are told more briefly in 2004. But then the car has opened a “what people already know. Now the computer biologist (after a number of improvements), an outstanding scientist “on a plate” previously unknown information. Namely: the car independently investigated the role of 12 genes in cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Robot and by opening them won publication in Science.)
but at such a simple (relatively) the material of the creators of “Adam” nurturing their skills.
Sequencing the genome of yeast was carried out long ago, and it was found that the hereditary code of the organism consists of 6000 genes. Well, scientists now have the entire record of sequences of DNA bases, but what makes a particular gene? Set is not so simple.
And as usual come scientists obtain the control, many catalytic experiments? They launch a huge number of “chaotic” experience (such as disabling of certain genes). The raw data are “warehoused” in your computer, and then try to in this mountain of garbage to find the grains of gold - new patterns and phenomena. That is, the flies (experience) - separately, and patties (scientific findings) - separately.
It is unproductive. So some bright minds even make up computer programs that can extract new knowledge (links between proteins and genes, for example) from the mountains of seemingly unrelated experiences (now a bright example of such a “thinker”).
Meanwhile, on their own people when carrying out a consistent series of tests using a different strategy - a strategy of iterations of successive approximation to a goal by planning every experience, depending on the outcome of the previous one.
It is this way and was able to play in the “brain” “Adam” of its creators. The robot that is able to learn, able to decide - what to take to verify an assumption, is able to replenish its database. Rejecting hypotheses allows the car all the time to narrow the range of experiments at each of the next stage of iteration, thereby significantly reducing the total number of experiments that need to, to arrive at the correct conclusions. This not only speeds up the research, but also saves time, laboratories and even money (reagents). So Adam, though busy indeed bust, bust, this is not “goofy.”
It should be noted that the generous advances and dithyramb to “Adam”, some specialists seem to be somewhat exaggerated. So Pham Duc (Duc Pham) from Cardiff (Cardiff University) comments: “This is more like a lab assistant than the scientist. It will be a long time before a computer can replace people.”
What can it say “fathers” of e-lab?
Ross agrees that “Adam” is still in the stage of development (and this despite several years have already passed the evolution of the system). And then - unless someone has talked about a full replacement? Only intellectual assistance.
But all the same. “If you spend all the money that we invested in the” Adam “, for biologists, the people, the robot will probably not show you a cost-effective option - said King. - But that was the case with the first vehicle. Initial investment in technology were not as effective in lowering costs, in comparison with the horses. ”
Both the Robot Scientist project intends to prove this thesis by extending it to other disciplines. In the bowels of the group already is maturing another robot scientist - “Eva” (Eve), which is built for high-speed development of new drugs. The first of its task - the fight against malaria.
Curiously, the “Adam” will help “naparnitse: his succession to the creation of yeast cultures of” Eve “for the biochemical tests.
If the couple or the subsequent works of this type are really common - that make a living scientist? “To do more complex experiments,” - smiling King.
Stunt men! How long you can tolerate bullying vagrants and hooligans? It is time to stand up to defend their property and to counter criminal elements! But if vandals inexorably approaching and we are ready to do everything, just to disturb your rest, - what to do then? Yes! Cast their kakashkami! That’s what! Ceremony, nothing bad!
Joe Weston-Webb (Joe Weston-Webb) seventy years. He lives in Britain, in the county of Nottinghamshire (Nottinghamshire). Today in business, but when something really enjoyed the other cases: a stuntmen. There were, of course, those times - in old age is not just burning desire to jump to the lightning rod for hot horses.
But habits of youth, the kind, forever marked in the soul of Joe, making from time to time vytvoryat extreme things. For example, until recently, this lord was known that arranged the race, strangely enough, among the gold fish.
According to Joe, to arrange such a contest, fish must be placed in a separate narrow trough of water. And for the stimulus to the surface of water relying blow. Then a wave of feeling, poor establishment forced swim forward to the finish.
A truly unfortunate: it is a very bloody sport. For if the fish do not fetch a new user, they why is fed to other fish.
But recently Mr. Weston-Webb just does not happen misfortune. Some frivolous attackers set fire to his house, and when the owner suddenly decided to give hooligan rebuffed, they tried to even use weapons. Fortunately, there were no casualties, but property damage was caused to all the same: it is estimated Jo, the loss amounted to 2 thousand pounds sterling (about $ 4 thousand).
Moreover, as ill luck would have, about the same time mysterious detractors (not excluded that the same people) have tried to make the burning of several of its offices. In short, it is not surprising that the old stuntman seriously angry.
Recall experienced a day, Joe decided to take their old equipment for the stunts. One of these devices - Catapult devyatimetrovoy length, which tryukach moved his wife through the river Avon (Avon). However, such representations, it has long been arranged, and the catapult is idle much of 1974.
But as it means now have to apply for his “historic” appointment - as a weapon that is - then it became clear that his wife fling at bandits ineffective. Therefore, Joe voznamerilsya to use instead of his wife something assistants, namely - chicken manure. What is logical.
If bad people proniknet to own, it waits malopriyatny surprise: immediately catapult effect and the double obdast violator that long kopilos to roost patient needs. “And then we easily raznyuhaem who was this man,” - whether in jest, or earnest says Joe.
And нежданного guest Kára nastignet required. It is not catapult a single security system is alive estate businessman-tryukacha. First, the high speed of response is provided by a network of motion sensors and video cameras looking at the area. And secondly, Joe Weston-Webb wretch supplies for another gun, which still does not work, but soon will be. The project, so to speak.
Unfortunately, of course, but it could be babahnut разок - arsonists do not seemed to be little! But nothing - can not strelnut wife, but … No, why just “shit”? Our hero was rare humanist and realized that no man from the cannon to shoot at raiders need it, and ties!
But the sleeper, and it can kill - so all of the same considerations of humanity, Joe invented a stud such projectiles rubber - so it is safer. Really.
Local police, on learning about the extraordinary system of protection, not to joke worried. As guests of Joe Weston-Webb arrived cop (apparently notified of your arrival in advance - because of the droppings may not obdalo or sleepers are not shandarahnulo) and talked about a simple and affordable means. Well there on complex locks, lighting, alarms, and that efforts to defend itself must be justified - in general, about any boring nonsense.
Joe, however, the conversation did not make any impression. At least he did not catapult dismounted and continued to prepare for the operation of his terrible gun.
However, not - made. The entrepreneur has decided, as a philanthropic kind, refuse dangerous ordnance-sleepers and shoot from a cannon purely rubber balls.
“I do not intend to kill anyone or even hurt, - explained the good soul - I just want these parshivtsy stay away from my land. So I do softer shells. Whew.”
But that’s not all! Resourceful businessman thought for your nice piece under the title “exploding coffin.” How it looks - it is not clear. And yet it is also in development. But Joe told how it will operate.
The system is easy to guess, is a box in which to climb as the “uninvited guest” and then once it explodes, throwing “visitor.” “I do not think that there dullard who polezet into it - tells the stuntman-old man. - Yet, I continue to work on it.”
In any case, not unreasonable pozdorovitsya attacker. Yes that there … What is not mentioned already pozdorovilos and wife Weston-Webb. Gave nostalgic impulse, she told about how to flit through the water via catapult Avon.
She remembered how to perform this trick at a time when she had a broken arm. At the time that the focus should be to show the 30 thousandth crowd, so Mr and Mrs Weston-Webb considered it unwise to cancel the presentation.
“I flew over Avon 50 meters - wistfully remembers a lady. - Alas, the network on the shore, where I was supposed to land, was set at an angle. Spruzhinila She and I sat back in the water.” Here’s what history has occurred, and his wife then stuntman! Not everyone wants to try to imagine this …
Nevertheless, it is interesting that the same British stuntman has spurred the creation of such extravagant defense system? Vidal, as in the song - such a fate, and he could not otherwise.
Oh, stunt men, stunt men …
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